Hiki iā Rapamycin ke pale i ka ʻelemakule?

I ka makahiki 1964, ua hōʻea kahi hui huakaʻi Kanada ma Easter Island me ka manaʻo e hōʻiliʻili i kahi pūʻulu hou o nā laʻana lepo primitive e ʻike ai i nā mea antimicrobial hou. I loko o ka bacteria i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi o nā laʻana, ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi pūhui me nā waiwai antifungal, immunosuppressive, a me ka anti-tumor waiwai. Kapa ʻia ka pūhui rapamycin ma hope o kona kahua ʻike ʻia, a hōʻike hou ʻia ka nānā ʻana he ʻāpana ia e kāohi i ke ala transduction hōʻailona e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka cell a me ka hoʻonui ʻana ma o ka hana ʻana i kahi paʻakikī loaʻa hana me ka peptidyl prolyl isomerase FKBP12.

1: He aha ka rapamycin?

ʻO Rapamycin kahi ʻano hou o ka huahana immunosuppressant macrolide, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka wā mua o ka huahana e mālama i ka hōʻole ʻana o ke kino. Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena maikaʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe nephrotoxicity. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana mau ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he huahana no ka mālama ʻana i ka hana immune o nā ʻōpū i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻoi aku ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kīkī, hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka hopena hōʻole ʻole e kū mai ana ma hope o ke ʻoki ʻana o ke kino. A me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻepekema, ua ʻike mālie nā loea lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau no ka maʻi Alzheimer.

2: He aha ke ʻano o ka hana o kēia huahana?

ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka rapamycin a hiki i 1994, i ka wā i hōʻoia ai nā noiʻi biochemical ʻo ka mīkini pahuhopu mTOR o rapamycin ka pahuhopu pololei o ka rapamycin FKBP12 paʻakikī i nā mammals, a ua ʻike ʻia he homolog o ka hū TOR / DRR gene, i ʻike mua ʻia i ka rapamycin resistance gene screening. I loko o nā makahiki he 20 aʻe ma hope o kēia mau ʻike, ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana mai ka nui o nā laboratories a puni ka honua i ka mTOR protein kinase he pūnaewele hōʻailona eukaryotic nui e hoʻonohonoho i ka ulu ʻana o nā cell me nā kūlana kaiapuni a ke pāʻani nei i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka physiology o nā cell a me nā mea ola.

3: He aha ka mea huna i ka anti-aging?

Ma ka pae cellular, ua like ka evolution o ka elemakule i loko o ke aupuni holoholona, ​​kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke ʻano me ka makahiki, e alakaʻi ana i ka pōʻino DNA e paʻakikī ai ka hana pono ʻana o nā cell. ʻO nā pūnaewele maʻamau e lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻohui i nā protein, hoʻopau i ka ʻōpala, a hoʻoponopono hou i ka pōʻino, a pau ka hana a paʻakikī i ke kino ke hoʻōla mai ke kaumaha, ka maʻi, a me ka hōʻeha.

ʻO ka poʻe ʻepekema e aʻo ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola ua hoʻopau i nā makahiki he nui e ʻimi ana i nā genes kikoʻī a me nā protein e like me nā pahuhopu no nā lāʻau anti-aging. Eia naʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, paʻakikī loa ke kaʻina hana ʻelemakule a hele pū ʻia me ka nui o nā hoʻololi kelepona like ʻole, a ua hoʻonui mau nā ʻepekema i ka hiki ke loaʻa i nā pahuhopu lapaʻau anti-kahiko. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka protein Sirtuins, hiki ke hoʻāla pololei ʻia e kahi hui i loko o nā ʻili waina, ua hoʻāla i ka manaʻo e pili ana i nā manaʻo hoʻohiki o ka anti-aging, e alakaʻi ana i ka hopena o ka inu ʻana i ka waina ʻulaʻula ka mea huna o ke olakino a me ka lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua maoli he hopena hoʻōla wale nō kēia huahana i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā cell, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale a hoʻolohi i ke kaʻina hana o ka hapa nui o nā cell.

I nā makahiki he hala i hala iho nei, ua kuhikuhi ka ʻikepili mai nā hale hana like ʻole i kahi protein ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mammalian target protein o rapamycin (mTOR). He ʻāpana kēia o ke ala hōʻailona no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā cell a puni ke kino i ka wā e ulu ai a i ka wā e mālama ai i ka ikehu. I ko mākou mau makahiki, loli maoli ka hana mTOR, e hoʻonui ana i ka pilikia o nā pilikia immune a me ka pōʻino cell.  

Ma muli o nā ʻumi makahiki o nā hoʻokolohua, manaʻoʻiʻo paʻa ka poʻe noiʻi ʻo ke ala hōʻailona mTOR a me ka rapamycin e noho mau i nā kūlana gula no nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelemakule. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana e alakaʻi ʻo rapamycin i ka make ʻole, ʻo ka ʻikepili hoʻokolohua e pili ana i kēia huahana e hōʻoia i ka hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule ovarian.

4: Pehea e hiki ai i kēia huahana ke hoʻonā i ka mea huna o ka ʻelemakule ovarian?

No ka hapalua o ka heluna kanaka, hoʻokahi mea i paʻa e like me ka make a me ka ʻauhau: inā ʻelemakule ka wahine, pau kāna ovaries i ka hoʻohua ʻana a hoʻopau ʻia kona kaʻina menstrual.

Wahi a ka loiloi o ka ʻikepili ola e pili ana i nā mammals, aneane liʻiliʻi loa nā holoholona e hiki ke ola i ka menopause, no ka mea, ma waho aʻe o ka wela wela a me ka wela o ka pō, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka estrogen i ka wā menopause e hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā maʻi maʻi, me ka maʻi Alzheimer, osteoporosis, a me ka hahau. No laila, ua ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe mai kahi kuanaʻike evolutionary ʻaʻole waiwai nui nā holoholona menopausal ma ke ʻano o ka evolution.  

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i ka makahiki 2023 he mau ʻokoʻa ka makahiki o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a ʻo kēlā mau kino e hōʻiliʻili i nā protein pili ʻelemakule e ʻoi aku ka pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua hōʻoia ʻiʻo ʻia kēia e ka ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka makahiki o nā ovaries ma mua o nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe o ko mākou kino. "ʻOiai e hoʻokuʻu mālie nā testicles i ka testosterone me ka makahiki, ua lohi a mālie ko lākou emi ʻana.

ʻO kahi huahana i kapa ʻia ʻo rapamycin, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana mTOR, ua komo mālie i ka papa inoa hoʻokolohua o nā mea noiʻi. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi hiki i ka rapamycin ke kāohi i ka hoʻāla ʻana o nā follicles primordial (hua ʻai ʻole i loko o nā ovaries) i nā ʻiole hoʻokolohua, a laila e hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule ovarian. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano o ka mTOR inhibitory o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi maʻi pili makahiki i loko o ke kanaka.

5: Hiki i ka rapamycin ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka ʻelemakule ovarian?

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka kūleʻa o ka rapamycin i loko o ka hale hoʻokolohua, noʻonoʻo paha kekahi poʻe no ke aha mākou i hana ʻole ai a hoʻolaha i nā huahana rapamycin e like me nā huahana kikoʻī no ka ʻelemakule ovarian? ʻO ka mea nui, haʻahaʻa loa ka pono ʻole o kēia huahana.

ʻO kahi o ke kumu ʻo ka nele o nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua paʻa i hiki ke hōʻoia i kona hiki ke kū i ka wā kahiko. He mea paʻakikī ke aʻo ʻana i ke ola lōʻihi o ke kanaka no ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻiole a i ʻole nā ​​​​ilo i loko o ka hale hana, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola kanaka a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka National Institutes of Health (NIH) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hāʻawi kālā i nā papahana noiʻi no kekahi mau makahiki i ka manawa, ʻaʻole lawa. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka rapamycin a aia ma ka mākeke, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i nā manawa ʻoihana he nui no nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā poʻe ʻoihana ʻoihana e hāʻawi kālā pinepine i nā pae hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau.